The Comanche lived in the South Plains around the 18th and 19th centuries. They were fierce fighters and you were smart not to mess with them. By as early as the late 1600s, outside Indian groups had begun moving onto the South Texas Plains, accelerating the demise of the regions vulnerable indigenous people. Among the new intruders were the Tonkawa, the Lipan and Mescalero Apache—groups which themselves had been displaced from their home territories far to the north and northwest. The availability of a new transportation system, horses, transformed many Plains Indian groups into societies that are sometimes characterized as "horse nomads."
First and foremost, were the Comanche, who with the Kiowa, raided through south Texas and across the Rio Grande into northern Mexico. They were formidable foes to other native peoples as well as Anglo settlers in the 18th and 19th centuries. Facing increased hostilities, more competition for resources, and ravaged by Old World disease, local native groups were either pushed south into Mexico or assimilated into the new, more dominant tribes.
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