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1. Modern Dance- developed in the early 20th century (1900s) and usually referring to concert dance in the West; rebelling against classical ballet technique, and structured costumes/shoes, early modern pioneers began to practice "free dance" (includes Loie Fuller, Isadora Duncan, Martha Graham, and Jose Limon)
2. Plié- to bend
3. Relevé- to rise
4. Articulate (In dance)- hinging or bending at the joints in the body (Non-dance definition) the act of vocal expression
5. Isolation- to move one part of the body independently from the rest of the body
6. Pathways- patterns we make as we move through the air or around the floor (straight, curved, spiral, zig-zag)
7. Formations- the different ways dancers can be placed or grouped in space
8. Directions- the way a dancer travels from one point to another (front, back, right, left, up, down, diagonal)
9. Transition- moving from one part or section of a dance to another
10. Gesture- movements that are used as non-verbal communication to express ideas or messages
11. Abstract- creating a less literal translation of an idea or concept
12. Asymmetry- when a shape or image is different/not identical on both sides when divided down the center line
13. Tempo- the speed of the underlying beat of the music or movement
14. Half Time- slowing the tempo of the music/movement to half its original speed (slower- more counts)
15. Double Time- speeding up the tempo of the music/movement to twice its original speed (faster- less counts)
16. Musical Meter- the musical notation used to determine the number of beats per one measure of music
17. Energy- the amount of tension or stress in a movement; the flow and control of force (suspend, sustained, percussive, collapse, vibrate, swing)
18. Sustained- movement performed with flowing consistency and without accents (smooth and continuous)
19. Suspend- movement that appears to remain floating or hanging in air
20. Percussive- movement that is strong and sharp as if the body is striking something
21. Choreographic Form- the specific compositional forms which movement is structured to create a dance (ie- how we order or structure a dance)
22. Canon- movement which is performed identically but with multiple entry points (everyone does the same dance but starts at different times)
23. Retrograde- a compositional manipulation in which the movements in a phrase are performed from the end to the beginning as if rewinding the movements (the dance is performed backward)
24. Rearrange- to change the ordering of the movements in a dance phrase from its original phrase order (to mix up the movements in a dance and do them in a different order)
25. Call and Response- an African tradition which refers to a dance leader who calls out or demonstrates dance steps to which the group responds by repeating or performing the correct steps or combination (one person performs the movements and the group repeats the same steps or does the next part of the dance)
26. ABA- a three part compositional form in which the second section contrasts with the first section; the third section is a restatement of the first section in condensed, abbreviated, or extended form (the "sandwich" form)
27. Muscle Memory – the ability of the body to physically remember the performance of a movement or sequence of movements
28.Performing Arts- art that is performed such as dance, theater, music, and opera
29. Conditioning- enhancing a dancer’s strength, flexibility, and endurance through training
30. Turn- out- rotation of the leg outward from the hip joint
31. 1920s Steps- Charleston, Long legged Charleston, Boogie, Scarecrow, Pickin’ cherries, Eatin’ cherries, Sugarfoot, Shorty George, Scoot, Truckin’, Screwball, Shim Sham
32. 1950s Steps- Basic swing step (quick quick, slow, slow), Hand jive, Conga line, Bunny hop, The Madison, The Stroll
33. 1960s Steps- the Twist, the Jerk, the Monkey, the Pony, the Swim, the Shimmy, the Mashed potatoes, the Skate, the Egyptian, the Hitch-hiker, Temptation walk, the Locomotion
34. 1970s Steps- Night Fever, the Bus stop, the Bump, the Funky Chicken, Step Touch (together, behind, or in front), Lazy Leg, Four Corners, YMCA, the Hustle
35. 1980s Steps- The Running Man, the Snake, the Janet, the Roger Rabbit, the Robo Cop, Wavin, the Cabbage Patch, the Troop, the Whop, the Robot, the Moonwalk, New Kids Move, Kick and out, Funky twist, up rockin’, the Pac-man
36. 1990s Steps- the Electric Slide, the Macarena, the Hammer Dance, vogueing, Cotton Eyed Joe, the Carlton, the Butterfly, Apache (Jump on it)