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THE
TREATY OF PEACE
BETWEEN
THE ALLIED AND ASSOCIATED POWERS
AND
GERMANY,
The Protocol annexed thereto, the agreement respecting
The military occupation of the territories of the Rhine,
AND THE
TREATY
BETWEEN
FRANCE AND GREAT BRITAIN
RESPECTING
Assistance to France in the event of unprovoked
Aggression by Germany.
Signed at Versailles, June 28th 1919
(with Maps and Signatures in facsimile)
LONDON; Printed and published by his majestys stationery office
To be purchased through any bookseller or directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses: IMPERIAL HOUSE, KINGSWAY, LONDON, W.C.2 AND 28, ABINGDON STREET. LONDON, S.W.1; 37 PETER STREET, MANCHESTER; 1, ST. ANDREWS CRESCENT, CARDIFF; 23, FORTH STREET, EDINBURGH; or from E. PONSONBY, LTD, 116, GRAFTON STREET DUBLIN
1919
Price 21s. Net
The Treaty of Peace between the Allied Powers and Germany
COVENANT OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
Article I.
CALLING FOR an international aggregation of nations facilitating global prosperity as well as blocking future wars: the purpose will be to not only protect the safety of the Baltic region, but the integrity and peace of the world, in advocating the formation of a League of Nations. This League will be a general association for the purpose of exacting mutual covenants of political independence and territorial authenticity to all states of the world.
i) The League of Nations task will be to sort out problems of an international scale such as:
a. Potential wars
b. Rampant disease
c. Disputes over land and territory
d. Dispute over resources
e. Freedom to navigate waters
f. Free international trade
g. Upholding private alliances
ii) If disputes were to occur, the League would call upon states in question to discuss the problem peacefully in a League assembly group.
i) The Leagues powers should include three major successive sanctions: verbal, economic, and physical.
a. A verbal sanction constitutes of a warning to the aggressor nation, written in document.
b. An economic sanction constitutes a call for an international community boycott or embargo aimed at weakening the aggressor nation economically.
c. A physical sanction constitutes movement of an international military force called upon to enforce peace in territory involved.
Article II: LEAGUE ASSEMBLY
SPECIFYING THAT we, the Assembled Nations, would like to express its support for the creation of the League of Nations, which will be an international association made up of various nations. This League will be established in order to create world peace, which will be obtained through the following:
Section I.
DESIGNATES the League Assembly be broken up into two houses; the Upper and Lower Houses.
i) The Upper House will consist of two groups:
a. Group one will be a Permanent Board consisting of those nations involved in directly winning the war, and each represented nation will receive five votes per nation.
b. Group two will contain a Temporary Board of group of seven nations that will be reelected every year. Each represented nation will receive three votes per nation
c. These rotating nations will be elected via a majority vote by the whole Assembly.
ii) The Lower House will contain three delegates from each nation of the world; each nation will receive one vote for the three delegates.
iii) New member nations may only be added upon recognition by all of the already placed seats of the permanent board.
iv) Removal of a nation can occur only after a reasonable offense is cited, and by similar procedures to the admission of a nation as described above.
v) Admission of a country owing reparations will not be allowed until a 25% down payment of the reparations are paid, including a 5% yearly payment by the said nation
Section II.
RECOMMENDS that decisions passed by the Assembly will be done via scheduled sessions including both the two divisions
i) The Assembly will be able make decisions regarding:
a. International trade
b. Arms limitations
c. National sovereignty or allotment of territory
d. And act as the main body of the League, in its residing position over global disputes. For clarification, review the Covenant of the League of Nations.
ii) Any decision passed as a whole by this joint assembly may be revoked by an exclusive session including only the permanent board at a later date by:
a. A two-thirds vote to override the former decision
b. A majority vote to suspend the former decision until a date of later revote (via entire Assembly) decided by the Council
Article III. LEAGUE ARMY
Section I.
PROPOSING a standing army based on the established quota of each national standing army. Details will be entitled to the Assembly to decide. This will only be used as the part of the physical sanction. The army will reside in neutral territory, Poland.
i) The number of people to be taken for the League army will be based on population count in a nation represented in the League
ii) Resources to be pooled for the Leagues army will be taken based on the size and amount of machinery in each national army. Similar procedures will be taken for a navy, and so forth.
iii) Volunteer monetary aid from nations will be accepted, and pooled into a special military treasury account to purchase artillery and equipment for the League when the need for physical sanction arises.
iv) Nations enduring domestic turmoil will be exempt from supplying arms and people. A proposal to be exempt will be voted on within the Assembly, majority vote.
Article IV. LEAGUE COUNCIL
Section I.
DESIGNATES the creation of a Council to plan both the agenda and next meeting dates and locations of the League, decided with a majority vote.
i) The Council members are determined through election of the Assembly members. Council members will serve for life or until resignation.
ii) Council members are voted upon by simple majority vote in the Assembly.
iii) There are eleven members of a council at one time.
WAR GUILT
Article I:
Germany should receive the majority of the blame (55%).
Article II:
Austria-Hungary should receive a significant amount of the available blame but in comparison to Germany, Austria-Hungary receives less (35%).
Article III:
The Ottoman empire receives a minute amount of the blame (10%).
TERRITORIAL REDISTRIBUTION: PACIFIC
Article I: The 21 demands instituted upon China by Japan shall be nullified in all aspects.
Article II: China will regain control in Tibet, Manchuria and Burma. And will open for free trade in the area Northwest of Taiwan, and open for open trade along all coasts.
Article III: Guam and the Philippines are maintained by the U.S.
Article IV: France gets the previously German islands in the Pacific and Taiwan, maintains Indo-China, and an influence Northwest of Taiwan.
Article V: Korea is split between Britain and Japan, the Northern portion going to Britain, and the Southern portion going to Japan.
Article VI: Japan is to be restricted in trade, with trade only allowed in Shanghai.
Article VII: Siam is to remain independent.
Article VIII: The Dutch maintain all of their holdings in the Pacific
TERRITORIAL REDISTRIBUTION: AFRICA
Reaffirming that Germany was responsible for the start of the war,
Noting that as such, they should be stripped of all colonial holdings in Africa, including Togo Land, Cameroon, German East Africa and Southwest Africa,
1. Approves that Great Britain receives Togo Land and German East Africa;
2. Approves that France receives Cameroon;
3. Endorses the independence of Southwest Africa;
4. Directs Great Britain and France to remove claims from the aforementioned colonies if the independence of Southwest Africa is successful after 15 years;
5. Calls upon the United States to help Southwest Africa be stable in its independence for at least one year;
6. Proclaims that after one year, the President of the United States has the right to act as he sees fit in Southwest Africa.
TERRITORIAL REDISTRIBUTION: MIDDLE EAST
Article I.
The Ottoman Empire will be disbanded due to its instability and its role in World War I.
Clause I.
Its northern-most territories will be established as the independent and autonomous country of Turkey.
Clause II.
The middle area of the Ottoman Empire will be divided into the countries of Syria and Iraq, both of which will be established, respectively, as the protectorates of France and Great Britain for a period or 15 years. Neither of these powers are permitted to extend past their borders.
Clause III.
The city of Jerusalem and its surrounding land (a.k.a. Palestine) will be placed for now under the protection of the League of Nations.
Article II.
The rest of the Arabian peninsula, stretching from the Arabian Sea, north to the protectorates of Syria and Iraq, west to the Red Sea and east to the Persian Gulf, will be recognized as an independent, sovereign country, under the governance of the Arab Emirates.
Clause I.
Great Britain will be granted full access to all territorial waterways surrounding
the new Arabian nation.
Clause II.
The Arabian nation will be given complete admittance to the Suez Canal, which is under British control.
Clause III.
The Arab Emirates will not extend past their borders into any of the surrounding nations.