III. Interrogative Pronouns (question words):

You should know how to form questions using the following words:

¿Qué es What is
¿Cuál es Which (which one is) use cuál instead of qué for asking “What’s your favorite. . . .”
¿Cuáles son Which plural (which ones are?)
¿Quién es Who (who is)
¿Quiénes son Who, plural (who are?)
¿Cómo How
¿Dónde Where
¿Adónde To where
¿De dónde From where
¿Cuándo When
¿Cuánto How much
¿Cuántos How many
¿Por qué Why



IV. Forming possessives and using possessive adjectives:

The apostrophe does not exist in Spanish. Therefore in order to say John’s pencil you must use the word de and say El lápiz de Juan.

Possesive adjectives are ( add an s if the object is plural):

mi - my
tu - your (informal)
su - your, formal, his, her or it’s
nuestro/nuestra - our
vuestro/vuestra - all or your (informal)
su - all of your (formal) their

The possessive adjective must agree with the item, not the person.

Example: mi lápiz - my pencil
mis lápices - my pencils
nuestra escuela - our school
su abuela - could be his, her, their, your, or all of your grandmother
sus casas - could be his, her, their, your, or all of your homes.



V. Demonstrative adjectives:

masculine feminine
este, estos (this, these) esta, estas (this these)
ese, esos (that, those) esa, esas (that, those)
aquel, aquellos (that, those far away) aquella, aquellas (that, those far away)

examples:
este perro / estos perros esta casa / estas casas
ese lápiz / esos lapices esa blusa / esas blusas
aquel libro / aquellos libros aquella silla / aquellas sillas


VI. Verbs like Gustar

In order to say that you like something in Spanish, you must say that the thing is pleasing you. To express the idea “I like the book” you are actually saying “The book pleases me.”
You must be sure that the pronoun changes (me te se nos os se) to reflect who is being pleased, and the verb gustar is conjugated to reflect what is doing the pleasing.

Examples:

Me gusta el helado. I like ice cream
¿Te gusta el helado? Do you like ice cream?
No me gustan los examenes. I don’t like tests.

Other verbs like gustar: encantar, fascinar, interesar, molestar

VII. The personal a and using the conjunctions al and del

Whenever the object of an action is a person, you must use the word a to reflect that.

Example: Yo miro la pizarra. I look at the board
Yo miro a la profesora. I look at the teacher.

Whenever you have the work a followed by el you must form the contraction al.

Example: Yo miro a la profesora. Yo miro al provesor.

This is also true with the words de + el which becomes del.
example: El libro de la profesora. El libro del profesor.

VIII. Conversational situations: You should be able to adequately communicate your intentions (in speech or writing) in the following situations:

• You wish to invite your friend to a movie.
  
  
• You would like to see an item in a store and find out how much it costs.
  
  
• Someone asks you how are you and you want to tell them you aren’t feeling well and why.
  
  
• Someone has offered you a sandwich and you refuse politely explaining you don’t like cheese.
  
  
• Same situation, but this time it’s because you can’t eat cheese.
  
  
• Someone has invited you to a party and you refuse politely explaining that you can’t because you have to do your Spanish homework.
  

• Describe a friend or relative. Include a physical description, age, and their likes and dislikes.
  
  
• Describe how you are going to spend the summer vacation.
  
  
• Describe your daily routine. Indicate the order in which you do things using expressions such as First, next, then, later, finally.